Plato :: essays research papers

Plato (around 428-c. 347 BC) Plato was destined to a blue-blooded family in Athens. His dad, Ariston, was accepted to have slipped from the early lords of Athens. Perictione, his mom, was remotely identified with the sixth century BC legislator Solon. At the point when Plato was a kid, his dad passed on, and his mom wedded Pyrilampes, who was a partner of the legislator Pericles. As a youngster Plato had political aspirations, yet he got disappointed by the political administration in Athens. He in the end turned into a supporter of Socrates, tolerating his essential way of thinking and argumentative style of discussion: the quest for truth through inquiries, answers, and extra inquiries. Plato saw the passing of Socrates because of the Athenian majority rule government in 399 BC. Maybe dreading for his own wellbeing, he left Athens incidentally and ventured out to Italy, Sicily, and Egypt. In 387 Plato established the Academy in Athens, the foundation frequently depicted as the principal European college. It gave an extensive educational plan, including such subjects as cosmology, science, arithmetic, political hypothesis, and reasoning. Aristotle was the Academy's most unmistakable understudy. Seeking after a chance to consolidate reasoning and down to earth legislative issues, Plato went to Sicily in 367 to guide the new leader of Syracuse, Dionysius the Younger, in the specialty of philosophical principle. The test fizzled. Plato made another excursion to Syracuse in 361, however again his commitment in Sicilian undertakings met with little achievement. The finishing up long stretches of his life were spent addressing at the Academy and composing. He passed on at about the age of 80 in Athens in 348 or 347 BC. Works Plato's works were in discourse structure; philosophical thoughts were progressed, talked about, and condemned with regards to a discussion or discussion including at least two people. The most punctual assortment of Plato's work incorporates 35 exchanges and 13 letters. The realness of a couple of the discoursed and the majority of the letters has been contested. Early Dialogs The discoursed might be separated into ahead of schedule, center, and later times of structure. The soonest speak to Plato's endeavor to impart the way of thinking and argumentative style of Socrates. A few of these discoursed take a similar structure. Socrates, experiencing somebody who professes to know a lot, claims to be uninformed and looks for help from the person who knows. As Socrates brings up issues, nonetheless, it turns out to be certain that the one presumed to be shrewd truly doesn't have the foggiest idea what he professes to know, and Socrates rises as the more shrewd one since he in any event realizes that he doesn't have a clue.

Advantages of Cooperative Learning for English Language Learners

Points of interest of Cooperative Learning for English Language Learners Agreeable learning is an effective showing system where little groups, each with understudies of various degrees of capacity, take an interest in an assortment of learning exercises to improve their comprehension of a subject (Noyes, 2010). Every individual from a group is responsible for realizing what is instructed as well as for helping partners learn, subsequently making a situation of progress (Kagan, 2002). Understudies work through the undertaking or task until all gathering individuals effectively comprehend and complete it. For English language students, helpful learning is basic, since it really quickens learning. There is no better method to learn language, other than utilizing it. Educators regularly model language yet, hamper understudies by not furnishing them with chances to apply it and ace parts of the language as quickly as could reasonably be expected (Noyes, 2010). Agreeable learning gives the chance to English language students (ELL) to quicken learning of the language aptitudes required to do well in scholarly subjects. The motivation behind agreeable learning is every individual from the group is responsible for realizing what is educated, yet in addition helping their colleagues learn. It makes an air of network and accomplishment (Kagan, 2002). The understudies are really showing one another and a capacity that is network based and assembles joint effort. Helpful learning is a technique that can be utilized with all understudies. Advantages for English Language Learners Helpful learning is typically important for any understudy learning a subsequent language. Agreeable learning exercises bolster peer correspondence, which helps the extension of language and the learning of ideas and substance (Kagan, 2002). It is basic to dole out ELLs to various groups with the goal that they can profit by English language good examples. ELLs figure out how to pass on themselves with more noteworthy freedom when working in little groups. Notwithstanding getting jargon, ELLs profit by seeing how their companions learn and clarify issues. Jobs should be allocated and turned every week or by movement. By turning, understudies increment abilities they basically need to perform. Helpful learning assembles learning networks as understudies develop to be competent at how to get along, how to be worried for themselves and for one another and how to manage their own presentation as they deal with the path to a typical goal (Kagan, 2002). Helpful learning bunches utilize the quick accomplishment of English since it furnishes understudies with justifiable commitment in English in empowering, non-compromising environmental factors (Noyes, 2010). Scholarly and language learning necessitates that understudies have chances to make sense of what they hear and read just as communicate in critical errands (McGroarty, 1993). Helpful learning makes ordinary, intelligent settings in which understudies have true blue purposes behind tuning in to each other, posing inquiries, elucidating issues, and re-expressing purposes of perception. The establishment of school accomplishment is scholastic education in English; age fitting cognizance of English is a prerequisite in the achievement of substance guidelines. We adapt for the most part through language and utilization of language to pass on our insight. Agreeable learning expands open doors for understudies to build and make sense of language and to pick up demonstrating and analysis from their companions. A lot of the criticalness of helpful learning lies in the manner coordinated effort urges understudies to associate in such elevated level deduction abilities as breaking down, clarifying, incorporating, and expounding (McGroarty, 1993). Instructors Role in Cooperative Learning Guidelines must be educated. The principles of learning bunches must be comprehended by all understudies (Noyes, 2010). The gaining bunches must be liberated from negative remarks which impede learning and development. Everybody must be attentive people; each colleague must partake, and assist everybody with understanding the goal and what is being realized. Moreover, commotion levels must be kept in context and the gathering needs to keep on the task. Schools must give encouraging that helps ELLs in getting content territory cognizance alongside assets for getting talented in English (NCLB, 2001). Agreeable learning isn't simply bunch work (Noyes, 2010). For it to be powerful, the educator must show high utility words that show up inside the substance regions that are a way to appreciation alongside definitions and instances of utilization in setting. The gathering must connect every part in learning words through a collection of techniques for looking at, investigating, and utilizing objective words since scholarly language is significant for perusing and dominance of abilities in every branch of knowledge. Cautious arranging is an unquestionable requirement for agreeable figuring out how to be viable. ELLs working in agreeable learning bunches must be given assignments as per their degrees of English capability. The instructor must know about their phases of language obtaining. Class building and group building exercises, for example, blend pair share, blend and match, give one/get one, discover somebody who, think pair share, round table, and wander the room are valuable approaches to incorporate agreeable learning into the homeroom (Noyes, 2010). Ends Research recommends that agreeable learning methods support capacity for all understudies (Noyes, 2010). Cummins (2001) considers helpful learning a strengthening teaching method since understudies have more noteworthy chances to rehearse oral language. Helpful learning is an effective methodology in which little groups, each with understudies of assorted degrees of capacity, utilize a scope of learning exercises to propel their comprehension of a point (Noyes, 2010). Every individual from the group is responsible for realizing what is educated, yet additionally for helping colleagues learn through the arrangement of a domain of achievement (Kagan, 2002). Agreeable endeavors bring about individuals spurred for shared accomplishment with the goal that all addition from every others endeavors, perceive that all individuals share a typical destiny, realize that ones execution is brought about by one another cooperating and feel glad and together celebrate when one is perceived for progress. Agreeable learning isn't simply bunch work or an approach to keep understudies occupied. Educators must give key guidance in phonemic mindfulness, phonics, familiarity, jargon, and appreciation and permit the elements of helpful figuring out how to give practice to capability.

Future of East Timor

Fate of East Timor Free Online Research Papers A country rich with oil, however poor from to destitution. Lying simply off the shoreline of Australia and south of the Philippines is East Timor. East Timor not just infers an express that was once Indonesia’s yet additionally a spot where disagreeable human rights infringement occur since before the submission held in 1999. The absence of assets and the significant level of lack of education is stressing. Be that as it may, this ought not hose our eagerness and the will to conquer underdevelopment. (by Xanana Gusmao) The Leaders of East Timor are resolved to make created, present day country. East Timor can possibly turning into a prosperous country, since it is a creating, developing country moreover; its future is fit for getting perfect with loads of time, work, and patients required. East Timor will turn into a prosperous country on the off chance that it fixes issues that it as of now has. Timor will develop to turning into a progressively present day country and a created country over an extensive stretch of time. East Timor is a long ways behind turning into a created country. It might need numerous parts of a cutting edge country, however expectation will consistently dwell in the core of the nation, the individuals. Numerous regular folks wonder whether the nation can come up to the norms of an advanced country. â€Å"East Timor has numerous issues that ought to be understood immediately† (by Xanana Gusmao). Head administrator Xanana Gusmao feels that the well deserved autonomy of East Timor isn't the main advance to turning into a cutting edge country. East Timor has numerous defects, for example, burglary, wellbeing, weaponry for war, common individuals, and most noticeably terrible of all the declining economy. Proposals imperfections that Timor ha s, must be illuminated to benefit the country. A large number of these issues can without much of a stretch be unraveled by having a legitimate lawful framework. East Timor can likewise turn into a prosperous country in the event that it includes laws, and a legal framework. Timor must get common and up to the standard of any cutting edge country along these lines, it must beginning obeying to what the administration asks of them, yet the way to progress is an extreme one. Attempting to seek after equity over violations against mankind can realize vote based system. Without laws or equity, individuals would do anything they desire with no control hence the country would not have the option to develop. Timor needs a framework, without a framework a perfect future will stay a tough undertaking to over come. Since East Timor is beginning new as another country, it can address itself on their way to modernization; it can see the missteps that different countries have made on their way to modernization, and those slip-ups can be maintained a strategic distance from by Timor. East Timor is a poor nation with scarcely any business since they are so confined and they are stressed of other clash like the contention with Indonesia. East Timor has the chance to turning into an affluent country in the event that it wasn’t so confined. â€Å"Our individuals need cash, †¦ They have to sell their items. They have to have cash to send their children to class and begin improving their day by day lives.† (by Xanana Gusmao) This is an unmistakable admission for a genuinely necessary working monetary framework. East Timor is a poor nation with next to no to live on; It additionally needs laws and equity. The expectation for everyday comforts of families in East Timor is common low however the populace is developing at an incontinent rate. Every family may have up to 8 kids on normal subsequently; the family should have more cash to send their children to class for them to be educated and ready to begin business for themselves as well as business betw een countries, which may decrease the disconnection of Timor. When it is liberated from segregation, business exchange can help the monetary standard of the nation for an improved expectation for everyday comforts. At the present time East Timor is confronting an oil campaign for who get to legitimately possess the oil which, in the hands of East Timor is a significant segment for East Timor’s perfect future. To summarize, life in East Timor is troublesome, and convoluted, however disappointment isn't motivation to surrender. When a legal framework is flawless East Timor has a potential for success at modernization. Segregation is another key explanation behind not having the option to push ahead, in light of the fact that without help from different nations right now that East Timor needs it, Timor won't be given a head start. Without attempting Timor will never succeed, and the sooner individuals in East Timor understand this, the sooner Timor can turn into a cutting edge and prosperous country. Research Papers on Future of East TimorAssess the significance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropePETSTEL examination of IndiaThe Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraQuebec and CanadaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andCapital PunishmentStandardized TestingInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

Should Student Loan Debt Be Easier - Free Essay Example

Should Student Loan Debt Be Easier To Discharge In Bankruptcy? Students should be able to file bankruptcy for their loans. Many students will not find a job after graduating college. Often times they may not even find a job with their major. Even if they do find a job right away it does not mean they will start with high paying position. With not finding a job or starting at the bottom some students will face undue hardships. Student loan debt should be easier to discharge in bankruptcy because of economic hardship of students. Due to economic hardship some students find it hard to pay back their loans. According to a survey conducted by American Student Assistant, thirty five percent of respondents found it difficult to buy daily necessities because of their student loans (Pro 3). In order to get your debt discharged you have to prove in court that paying back your loan will cause an undue hardship. This can be hard, but not impossible. Courts us what is called a Brunner Test. Courts look at several factors, if you would be able to maintain a normal standard of living, how long will your financial difficulties last, and if you have been making an effort to make your payments. It is up to you to prove that paying back your student loans will cause hardship. Students have to show proof of all your debts. They have to prove that paying rent, buying groceries, paying for medications, and bills would be hard to do while they are paying off their student loans. Some economic hardships that could force you to file bankruptcy are: losing a job, having to quit a job to take care of a family member, getting injured so much as you have to take time off of work. There are many reasons on can become victim to economic hardship, and filing for bankruptcy may be a students only option. There are some students that may find it difficult to find a job as soon as they graduate college. Some students are leaving college without effectively knowing how to do job searches online. (I Dont). Despite many efforts many new graduates struggle to find a job that is the right fit for their skills. I personally have experienced this myself although I had computer skills it was difficult to find a job with my skills. Most places will hire someone with experience, even though you have a degree. An internship can put you ahead of the competition in the work force. If you have a degree or certificate, and work experience it can make you more employable. With that being said, some students may not even find a job with their major. Often times for some reason or another, a job in their field is not available, so they have to take what they can get in the meantime. They can end up with a job that is only minimum wage or not much higher. They may only be able to find part time work. With the economy the way it most companies will not hire you full time. Not having a good paying job or only working maybe twenty hours a week can cause a student to have economic hardship. With everything online now you have to compete with thousands of people for the same job. Although, eventually they will get the job they went to college for; but by that time they can be further in debt, and find it nearly impossible to keep up on their student loan payments. Although making it easier for students to discharge their student loans, some feel it could encourage them to borrow more (Con 3). Therefore tuition rates can increase. According to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York found that a credit expansion will raise tuition paid by all students (Con 3). Students may qualify for financial aid, although if there are rules and guidelines such as: you have to maintain a C average, if you drop out of a class or college early and you already received your financial aid you have to pay that back. That means that will be money you have to owe back to the government, and may not be dischargeable. Without bankruptcy students may never get ahead. Students can end up paying on their student loans for many years, and never get ahead, thus, making it hard to maintain a normal standard of living. Some students have rent to pay, car payments, and other bills. On top of all the other responsibilities, and things that can happen such as: losing a job, getting less hours at work, repairs to a vehicle. It could put them in a position where they have to figure out where their priorities lie. And many have to put off paying student loans due to other economic issues. For these reasons it should be easier for a student to discharge their student loans in bankruptcy.

Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) - 2528 Words

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is considered one of the most challenging symptoms to deal with. The National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke(2014) indicates that one of every eighty-eight child has ASD while boys are four times higher than girls at the same age group.. ASD is highly researched in North America, Europe, and Asia (Elsabbagh el at., 2012). Yet in the Middle East not much research on ASD has been conducted.. Being from the Middles East, this is surprising given the challenges that parents, caregivers, and teachers have to face when dealing with students who are diagnosed with ASD in the Middle East. The term Autism has been used for over one century. In the early 1900’s, the term Autism was used to refer to†¦show more content†¦This paper explores the research on the benefits of Special Interests (SI) of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and how a teacher may use these special interests to help a child learn. Studies reviewed show the utilization of SI to enhance children’s: social, communications, emotional, and executive function skills. Review of literature Because of the ASD prevalence, more and more teachers have been faced with the question of how to teach children with autism particularly with the inclusion of special needs students in a regular classroom . Teaching children with autism can be very difficult because many of the behaviors associated with this disability greatly interfere with the child’s overall ability to learn (Tews, 2007). Over fifty years ago, Asperger (1991/1944) already knew that special interests are the key to fulfillment and maximized potential in children and youth with Asperger’s syndrome (AS). [1] In this section, the importance of engaging the special interests of an individual diagnosed with ASD will be highlighted throughout case study research papers that are discussed with outcomes of those case studies Special Interest Special Interest (SI) can be defined as one or more special interests that person or child can have in narrow scale. It is widely believed that one can benefit from one’s special interest by making the SI a career (Schaber, 2014).. Winter-Messiers (2007)

Essay On My Last Duchess - 797 Words

The poem: â€Å"My Last Duchess† by Robert Browning gives a haunting look into the thoughts of a possible murderer. From the first reading one can deduce that the â€Å"Last Duchess† was murdered by the Duke. While the motive for the murder is not blatantly expressed, a deeper reading reveals that the Duke became aware of his wife’s rampant infidelity. This betrayal drove the Duke into a fit of jealous rage in which he murdered his wife in cold blood. So, â€Å"...twas not/ Her husband’s presence only, called that spot/ Of joy into the Duchess’ cheek...† (lines 13-15) is not an innocent expression describing a coy Duchess, brother a suggestive use of language that is employed by the Duke throughout the poem to allude to his his former wifes lack of†¦show more content†¦He states that he had difficulty discussing his worries about the Duchess’ fidelity with his wife. He sees discussing such things as â€Å"stooping† for which he refuses to do â€Å"--Een then would be some stooping, and I choose/Never to stoop† (lines 41-42). Perhaps this is a consequence of his noble upbringing. He admits however that if not for his wifes loose morals he would otherwise be sexually satisfied in his relationship. Yet as the Duchess’ flirtatious nature grew the ever more extreme. The Duke felt jealous, threatened, and that his wife was out of his Victorian era rule. He had enough, he had her ability to â€Å"smile† at other men put to an end â€Å"I gave commands; Then all smiles stopped together.†(lines 45-46). Presumably through having her die in some way, or by having the Duchess be put away. We do not know which due to such details being omitted by Browning for the sake of mystery. The Duke shows the wedding negotiator (the reader) a new piece of art, one of Neptune taming a sea-horse †Notice Neptune, though,/Taming a sea-horse, thought a rarity...†(lines 54-55). The Duke, unlike Neptune, could not tame his wife’s promiscuity as Neptune tames his sea-horse. Just as the gods of Rome dealt with infidelity in their own relationships so too does man no matter his noble status. In this metaphor Neptune is serving as the Duke and the Seahorse is hisShow MoreRelatedEssay On My Last Duchess789 Words   |  4 PagesI compared and contrasted the attitudes the women give toward the speaker in the poems â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† and â€Å"My Last Duchess.† I was able to do this by using elements like speaker, figurative language, and tone. To show how the poets reveal the attitudes that the women give off. In the poems â€Å"My Last Duchess† and â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† the speaker expresses throughout their poem that they exclusively only want to use women for pleasure and convenience. This was inferred based on their tone andRead MoreEssay on my last duchess684 Words   |  3 Pagesliterary techniques to clearly convey the personalities of their speakers. In â€Å"My Last Duchess†, Robert Browning uses point of view, diction, and imagery to achieve a powerful effect, underlining the attitude and personality of the Duke. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In a dramatic monologue, character development is based on what the speaker says, and how he says it. In â€Å"My Last Duchess†, the speaker of the monologue addresses a fictional audience, and the reader isRead More Analysis of My Last Duchess Essay585 Words   |  3 Pages‘My Last Duchess’ is a poem written by Robert Browning in 1845. It’s a first person narrative of a duke who is showing the ambassador around his palace and negotiating his marriage to the daughter of another powerful family. As they are walking through the palace, the duke stops and looks at the beautiful portrait of his lovely last duchess. The duke speaks his thoughts about the girl, and as the poem progresses we begin to realize that his last duchess had been murdered. â€Å"†¦I gave commandsRead MoreComparison of ‘Porphyria’s Lover’ and ‘My Last Duchess’ Essay1232 Words   |  5 Pages‘Porphyria’s Lover’ and ‘My Last Duchess’ are both poems by the Victorian poet Robert Browning. In this essay I will compare these two poems to find similarities and differences. Both of these poems can be used read from different points of view and they could also be used to show how society treated women in the Nineteenth Century: as assets, possessions. Both of these poems are what are known as a dramatic monologue as well as being written in the first person. The whole poem is only one stanzaRead MoreAnalysis of the Duke in Brownings My Last Duchess Essay494 Words   |  2 PagesAnalysis of Duke In My Last Duchess, by Robert Browning, the character of Duke is portrayed as having controlling, jealous, and arrogant traits. These traits are not all mentioned verbally, but mainly through his actions. In the beginning of the poem the painting of the Dukes wife is introduced to us: Thats my last Duchess painted on the wall,/ looking as of she were still alive (1-2). These lines leave us with the suspicion that the Duchess is no longer alive, but at this point were areRead More Porphyria’s Lover, My Last Duchess and The Laboratory Essay2600 Words   |  11 PagesPorphyria’s Lover, My Last Duchess and The Laboratory In this essay I hope to prove that Robert Browning’s murder mystery poems are fulfilled with intrigue and excitement. I also hope to prove that in his poems he creates vivid characters and uses poetic techniques to expose a world of madness and wickedness. To show that the statements above are true I will be writing about the characters, the poetic features in each poem and the madness and wickedness in each poem. This essay will include threeRead MoreRobert Browning’s My Last Duchess Essay2367 Words   |  10 PagesBrowning’s â€Å"My Last Duchess,† written in 1842, is an intriguing poem that reveals an unexpected interpretation when closely analyzed. The poem is based upon actual incidents that occurred in the life of Alfonso II, Duke of Ferrara. The first wife of Ferrara, Lucrezia, mysteriously died in 1561 with many speculations afterwards that it was supposedly Ferrara who murdered her. The poem takes place in media res of the Duke consulting and arranging his second marriage. A portrait of the former Duchess is pointedRead More Compare and contrast Porphyrias lover and My last Duchess Essay945 Words   |  4 Pagesand contrast Porphyrias lover and My last Duchess â€Å"Porphyrias lover† and My Last Duchess are similar in many ways, they are both written by Robert Browning. In â€Å"My Last Duchess† the speaker is an Italian Duke who is speaking to the ambassador of a count, whose daughter he hopes, to marry. The Duke is trying to impress the counts representative by showing him around his gallery and the painting of his last Duchess. He openly speaks about having his last Duchess murdered, because she did notRead More My Last Duchess by Robert Browning Essay2275 Words   |  10 PagesMy Last Duchess by Robert Browning In his poem â€Å"My Last Duchess†, Robert Browning gives his readers a complex picture of his two main characters. The Duke, who narrates the poem, is the most immediately present but Browning sets him up to ultimately lose the reader’s trust. The Duchess becomes the sympathetic character, a victim of foul play. It is through the various representations of the Duchess within the poem that we come to know both characters. The representations of the Duchess,Read MoreEssay on Murder, Mystery and Intrigue in My Last Duchess909 Words   |  4 PagesMurder, mystery and intrigue all describe Robert Brownings poem, My Last Duchess. From the speakers indirect allusions to the death of his wife the reader is easily lead to think that the speaker committed a vengeful crime out of jealousy. His elaborate speech confuses and disguises any possible motives, and the mystery is left unsolved. Even if he did not kill his wife, he certainly has something to hide. Based on the poem s historical references, style and structure, the Dukes controlling

Cloning Humans (1297 words) Essay Example For Students

Cloning Humans (1297 words) Essay Cloning HumansAnd the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into hisnostrilsthe breath of life; and man became a livingsoul . . . and He took one ofhis ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof; and the rib, which the LordGod had taken from man, made He a woman and brought her unto man. -Genesis2:7 21-22 Human cloning is becoming one of the most controversial topics of ourtime. With recent technological breakthroughs, whole new fields are opening withamazing possibilities. Despite the great advantages that cloning can offerhumanity, there are just as many negative aspects of the technology, which havegiven way to large anti-cloning groups who are gaining ground as to the futureof this awesome power. In truth, cloning could very well be the best, or worstthing ever to happen to mankind. The possibilities of human cloning are vastindeed, but research in the area has been dramatically restricted in the UnitedStates and in some other countries. Pro-life groups t hat oppose free access toabortion have considerable political power, and were able to have all humanembryo research banned by the Reagan and Bush administrations in most of the1980s and the 1990s (religoustolerance). Although the ban was liftedduring the first days of Bill Clintons presidency, in 1997 he sent a bill tocongress marked immediate consideration and prompt enactment stating thatit would be illegal to create a human clone whether in private or publiclaboratories. Along with the US ban, nineteen European countries includingDenmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg,Moldova, Sweden, Macedonia, and Turkey, signed a protocol that would committheir countries to ban by law any intervention seeking to create human beingsgenetically identical to another human being, whether living or dead. It rulesout any exception to the ban, even in the case of a completely sterile couple. Britain and Germany however, did not sign this agreement. Germany claims thatthe protocol would be weaker than the anti-research laws they already have,while Britain strongly supports their decision to enforce freedom. Frenchpresident Jaques Chirac stated that Nothing will be resolved by banningcertain practices in one country if scientists and doctors can simply work themelsewhere. Despite all these obstacles, Dr. Richard Seed, a strong supporterof human cloning, caused uproar when he announced his plans to set up a clinicto clone human babies for infertile couples (CNN). We may not know theindividual or team who first performed cloning of human embryos, but the methodsused have been understood for many years and actually used to clone embryos ofcattle and sheep. It is likely this has already been successfully used on humanembryos in secret. Robert J. Stillman and his team at the George WashingtonMedical Center in Washington D.C. took 17 flawed human embryos, which had beenderived f rom an ovum that had been fertilized by two sets of sperm resulting inan extra set of chromosomes, and dooming the ovums future. The cells would haveeventually died no matter how they were treated. Stillmans experiment showedthat the best results could be obtained by interrupting the zygote at thetwo-cell stage, separating the cells, and placing them in separate dishes as toallow them to begin growing again. Many of these pairs were able to develop tothe 32-cell stage, but no further. They might have had the potential to developfurther and even mature into a viable fetus, except the original ovum wasdefective and would have died anyway. For ethical reasons, the researchersselected embryos that had no possibility of ever maturing. The main motive ofthe experiment seems to have been to trigger public debate on the ethics ofhuman cloning (religioustolerance). Dr. Steven Muller headed a panel in the USwhose mandate was to produce preliminary cloning guidelines. These would be usedby the federal National Institute of Health to decide which cloning research tofund. The panel recommended that studies be limited to the use of embryos thatdeveloped during in vitro fertilization procedures that had been performed toassist couples in conceiving. Often, extra zygotes are produced that are eitherdiscarded or frozen for possible future use. They further recommended that anystudies be terminated within fourteen days of conception. At that gestationalage, neural cord closure begins; this is the start the development of nervoussystem. The scientific community had deemed the actual act of cloning a mammalimpossible, until Dr. Ian Wilmut of the Roslin Institute in Roslin, Scotlandachieved it in July of 1996. The success of his experiment was communicated tothe press on February 23rd 1997. Dolly, a seven month-old sheep, wasdisplayed to the media; she was the first large cloned animal using DNA fromanother adult. Since Dollys conception, the Institute has successfully clonedseven sheep of three breeds. The technique that they developed can probably beapplied to other domesticated mammals. On December 14 1998, researchers at theinfertility clinic at Kyeonghee University in Korea announced that they hadsuccessfully cloned a human. Scientists Kim Seung-bo and Lee Bo-yeon took anovum from a woman, removed its DNA and inserted a somatic cell from the same 30year old woman into the ovum. Their reports stated: We were able toconfirm division up to the fourth cell stage, the stage of embryo developmentwhen a test tube embryo is usually placed back in the uterus, where it thenfurther develops into a fetus. The goal of their research was not to clonea human, but to clone specific, genetically identical organs for humantransplant. They did not implant the clone into a human uterus because ofethical considerations. They destroyed it. The Korean Federation for theEnvironmental Movement immediately issued a statement criticizing the study. .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66 , .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66 .postImageUrl , .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66 , .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66:hover , .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66:visited , .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66:active { border:0!important; } .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66:active , .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66 .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Spartan Women EssayMembers of the Life Safety Ethics Association held protest demonstrations infront of the University (religioustolerance). Despite popular belief, cloninghas been used since the early 1950s by farmers to ensure good crops using atechnique in which the nucleus of an egg cell is destroyed, and replace it witha nucleus from the cell of a higher organism. The egg will then grow into agenetic copy of the donor organism. While this process can ensure cropsidentical to a previous harvest, It will not work on mammals, because of thetiny size of the eggs (Clone). Possibilities for cloning include such things ascreating children for infertile couples, harvesting ge netic copies of organs toavoid rejection by the immune system in transplants, or even going as far as tocreate replacement children for parents who have lost someone in some sort ofaccident. Cloning may even hold the key to a cure cancer. The materials tocreate a laboratory can easily be purchased in most major countries at a fairlycheap price. A working cloning facility could be built in a garage with aslittle as $10000. In reality there is no way to prevent the cloning of a humanbeing. It would be better for someone, who is responsible enough to use thetechnology intelligently, than for someone to use the secret of cloning to thereown advantage (Kaku). All in all, human cloning could possibly be the mostsignificant event in human history. Should we take one road to atotalitarianistic society of genetically engineered clones like AldousHuxleys Brave New World, or a world in which parents can create designerchildren with the characteristics of their choice as in the movie Gattaca?Th e incredible power held within our genes could possibly lead to a perfectsociety where peace and happiness reign supreme, or it could very well lead tothe destruction of the human race itself. Bibliographyhttp://www.cnn.com. accessed 4-7-99. 19 Europeans Nations Sign Ban onHuman Cloning. Posted January 12, 1998 http://www.cnn.com. accessed 4-7-99. Clinton Act Draws Line At Human Cloning. Posted October 23, 1997 Hartl,Daniel L. Clone. World Book Encyclopedia. 1996. page 685 http://www.humancloning.org. accessed 9-1-99. Human Cloning Foundation. Kaku, Michiu. Visions. Anchor Books DoubleDay. New York, London, Toronto, Sydney, Auckland. 1997. http://www.religoustolerance.com/cloning.htm. accessed 9-13-99. Cloning.